What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

The primary cause of type 1 diabetes is the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys these insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body becomes unable to produce sufficient insulin, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. This autoimmune process can often be traced to genetic factors, but it is the destruction of the beta cells that directly leads to the onset of type 1 diabetes.

Understanding this mechanism is vital, as it distinguishes type 1 diabetes from other forms, such as type 2 diabetes, where insulin resistance and other factors play a crucial role. The autoimmune nature of type 1 diabetes also provides insights into potential management strategies, such as immunotherapy, that could protect beta cells or modulate the immune response.