In a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis, which signs and symptoms are typically observed?

In a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the presence of ketonuria and polyuria is a hallmark of the condition. DKA occurs when the body starts breaking down fat for energy due to a lack of insulin. This process results in the production of ketones, which spill over into the urine, leading to ketonuria.

Additionally, because of the high levels of glucose in the blood caused by insufficient insulin, the kidneys attempt to excrete this excess sugar, which results in polyuria—frequent urination. This urination, coupled with the loss of fluids and electrolytes, often leads to significant dehydration, resulting in increased thirst (polydipsia).

The other options presented describe conditions that do not align with the pathophysiology of DKA. Hypoglycemia and glycosuria are not characteristic signs in DKA since patients typically experience hyperglycemia. Decreased respiratory rate and shallow respirations are contrary to what occurs in DKA; instead, patients usually present with Kussmaul respirations, which are deep and rapid as the body attempts to compensate for metabolic acidosis. An increased blood pH is also not expected, as DKA is marked by metabolic acidosis, leading to